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Classical element
Many philosophies and worldviews have a set of classical elements believed to reflect the simplest essential parts and principles of which anything can consist or upon which the constitution and fundamental powers of everything are based. Most frequently, ''classical elements'' refer to ancient concepts which some science writers compare to the modern states of matter, relating earth to the solid, water to liquid, air to gas and fire to plasma. Historians trace the evolution of modern theory pertaining to the chemical elements, as well as chemical compounds and mixtures of chemical substances to medieval, and Greek models. Many concepts once thought to be analogous, such as the Chinese Wu Xing, are now understood more figuratively.
==Ancient==
In classical thought, the four elements earth, water, air, and fire frequently occur; sometimes including a fifth element or ''quintessence'' (after "quint" meaning "fifth") called aether in ancient Greece and ''akasha'' in India. The concept of the five elements formed a basis of analysis in both Hinduism and Buddhism. In Hinduism, particularly in an esoteric context, the four states-of-matter describe matter, and a fifth element describes that which was beyond the material world. Similar lists existed in ancient China and Japan. In Buddhism the four great elements, to which two others are sometimes added, are not viewed as substances, but as categories of sensory experience.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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